Doctor Faustus The Relationship Of Mephastophilis And...

Doctor Faustus: The Relationship of Mephastophilis and Faustus In Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus, the tragic protagonist Faustus finds himself tired of his previous pursuits in logic, medicine, law and religion. He falls upon the decision to explore a new and taboo area of knowledge: the black arts. Once he settles on this idea, he begins a relentless endeavor to quench his thirst for higher knowledge, wealth and success through learning supernatural powers. Alas, his admirable ambition and determined quest result in his tragic demise and ultimate downfall. In the Resurgens Theatre Company’s production of Doctor Faustus, directed by Brent Griffin, the psychological perspective and narrative of Faustus is highlighted through the use of minimalistic approaches in casting, setting, and editing of the text. The production portrays Faustus’ renaissance characteristics and gives the audience an interactive and panoramic experience with a focus on his relationship with Mephastophilis and his mental and spiritual spiral into tragedy. At the start of Act I, Scene I we already realize Faustus is one of his own worst enemies. His zest for furthering his knowledge is impressive and admirable, but the logic he displays in his opening soliloquy exposes his flaws and blind spots. For example, while he makes his decision on what area of learning to pursue, he quotes bible scripture out of context and states necromancy to be a more noble choice than religion, when it is usuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Tragical History Of Doctor Faustus1991 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus,† or â€Å"Doctor Faustus,† is a tragedy, written by Christopher Marlowe, which conveys the heavy use of symbolism and allusions to illustrate the conflict between good and evil during a time of rebirth in England. This play was first performed sometime between 1588 and 1593, and published sometime in the early 1600s and is based on the pro tagonist, Faustus, who originates from a classic oral German legend. â€Å"Doctor Faustus† is one of the first of many publicationsRead MoreFaustus, By Dr. Faustus2669 Words   |  11 Pagesoutset, Dr. Faustus is in his study contemplating what academic discipline is the most fulfilling. He reviews a number of disciplines in his mind, such as logic and medicine (which he believes he is already adequately distinguished in), and law and theology (which he believes to have inherent inadequacies). Dr. Faustus’s route from religion to magic seems to be forcedly cobbled together in order to elicit a certain emotion towards sophists as a whole, and Marlowe laboriously thrusts Dr. Faustus into becoming

The Decline Of The Reformation Essay - 2126 Words

Before the Reformation, Roman Catholicism dominated religious life across Europe, being the most predominantly practised religion since the 4th century. The Church in the 16th century was a very powerful institution, holding both religious and political influence. Society at the time was rapidly changing and the Church establishment faced corruption. The societal and religious instability had many people demanding change and calling for reform inside the Catholic Church. The Reformation, started in Germany however spread rapidly all through Europe, communicated a substitute vision of Christianity, and prompted the creation of Protestantism, Anglicanism, other denominations and the Council of Trent. At the beginning of 16th Century, European society was experiencing great pressures for change in many aspects of life; social, economic, political, cultural and religious. The feudal society system meant that the poor were the majority and the rich were the minority, with all the power. The system wasn’t working well for the majority, so they demanded change. Urban development was happening fast as business and wealth driven power took over the once feudal society. The way people were living was starting to change as people were sharing ideas and information. New geographic, scientific and technological discoveries, were also taking place. For example, the invention of printing press in 1445 marked the beginning huge advances in technological world. The technology benefitedShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The Reformation867 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance took place before the Protestant Reformation was not a coincidence. One of the major promoters of the Reformation was the availability of the Bible in the common language of the people throughout Europe. Another was the growing number of people who were able to read the Bible for themselves. Both the availability of printed material and the increasing literacy rates were direct consequences of the Renaissance and thus fostered the Reformation that followed. Without the events that tookRead MoreThe Decline Of The Protestant Reformation1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The Protestant Reformation was a religious act in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of many new churches. It effected spiritual thought, philosophy, political work, and the economies of several countries all around the world. The effects of the Reformation can still be felt in modern times. Stimulated by a devout and renowned German Monk, Martin Luther, this reformation sent shockwaves throughout Europe and played a significantRead MoreThe Decline Of The 16th Century Reformation Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe 16th century reformation (from the Latin word reforma, meaning change) was a revolt against the excessive power wielded by the Catholic Church throughout Europe in the 16th century, and lead to the eventual founding of Protestantism. The reformation ended the dominance of Europe by the Catholic church, separating Christians into Protestants and Catholics, and was a turning point in religious and European histor y. At the beginning of the 16th Century, Europe was dominantly Catholic. The CatholicRead MoreEssay about The Historical Impacts of the Protestant Reformation946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation and European expansion have both left political, social and economic impacts throughout history. The Protestant Reformation which was started in the 1500’s, by a Catholic man named Martin Luther caused political instability and fragmented the Holy Roman Empire. It economically caused the church to go bankrupt and socially allowed for the rise of individualism among the people; Luther gave the people of Europe the long needed reason to break free of the church. The ProtestantRead MoreThe Decline Of Western Culture896 Words   |  4 PagesSchaeffer Critique Purpose of Text and Intended Audience The purpose of the book is to discuss the decline of Western culture by analyzing history from his perspective from Rome to his present day (the 1970’s). Schaeffer (2005) presents the idea that to redeem society Christians must live as God desires and completely live by the Bible’s teachings of morals and values. The intended audience would be Christians, because the entire tone of the book comes from a Christian worldview. Although, non-believersRead MoreVoices of Morebath Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reformation May 5, 2012 Final Paper The Voices of Morebath is a book by Eamon Duffy about the small parish of Morebath in England during the time of the Reformation. His book is a microhistory, focusing solely on a very small and specific area in time and space. This book, like all microhistories, seeks to help the reader understand a larger area of history by showing a great amount of detail about one specific area. It helps the reader come to terms with normal daily life, and gives a moreRead More Henry VIIIs Reformation Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pages Henry VIIIs Reformation In 1529 Henry VIII started to reform the Catholic Church in England, however there are different opinions as to why he began these controversial changes. The orthodox view concurs that there was a vast anti-clerical feeling in 16th century England; the corrupt church was unpopular with the masses. However the revisionist view claims that the reformation was actually due to politics. Henry needed a male heir and therefore needed a divorce.Read MoreThe Principles Of Contract Reformation Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages2. Contract Reformation Assuming that a court would identify the contract in a manner consistent with the clear and unambiguous terms of the declarations, the owner would then be required to argue that the contract should be changed to express the intent of the parties. The owner’s alternative legal mechanism to change the terms of a contract to reflect the intent of the parties when its objective language is otherwise, is reformation. This is so, because the traditional methods of challenging aRead MoreEssay about The Extent to Which Tudor Rebellions Have Similar Causes1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthrone, Simnel and Warbeck and rebellions due to heavy taxation; Yorkshire and Cornish anti tax riots. However, by the reign of Elizabeth, religion became a factor for rebellions particularly at the turning point of 1532; the Reformation. Post reformation, Elizabeth faced a different type of challenge from nobility who were angered by the Tudor centralisation of government. Although the other factors are present, political, remains a consistent, underlying factor throughout Read MoreThe Black Death Has Long Term And Short Term Effects Of War1285 Words   |  6 Pagesand short term effects in England that would change: lower class, labourer service/money-rent (serfs/villeins), church view, and nobles. The momentum from these issues caused by the Black Death sparked Protestant Reformation ideas to begin which inevitably lead to the English Reformation. There were signs of stress growing in England centuries before the the Black Death. New agricultural techniques further developed in England during 1307-14 and again in 1345. These advances would allow for farmers

Enrollment forecasting methodology Free Essays

Virtually, forecasting plays everywhere a major role in human life, especially in making future decisions such as weather forecasting, university enrollment, production, sales and finance, etc. Based on these forecasting results, we can prevent damages to occur or get benefits from the forecasting activities. Up to now, many qualitative and quantitative forecasting models were proposed. We will write a custom essay sample on Enrollment forecasting methodology or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, these models are unable to deal with problems in which historical data take form of linguistic constructs instead of numerical values. In recent years, many methods have been proposed to deal with forecasting problems using fuzzy time series. In this paper, we present a new method to predict the calendar day for average Arabian Gulf Oil Company using fuzzy time series approach based on average lengths of intervals. A visual-based programming is used in the implementation of the proposed model. Results obtained demonstrate that the proposed forecasting model can forecast the data effectively and efficiently Keywords: Fuzzy time series, Forecasting, Fuzzy sets, Average-based lengthl . Forecasting the size of any phenomenon in future is important and helpful for understanding behavior of phenomenon along time. It is impossible to make future plans to face the phenomenon without defining its future dimensions and identifying shape and modes of complicated process, especially when it is related to future forecasting. Making decisions depends completely on accuracy of forecasting. It is evident that forecasting plays major role in our daily life. The accurate and the most efficient forecasting may support making correct decisions to raise accuracy of our expectations up to 100%. This may be impossible, yet we try to reduce forecasting errors. In order to solve forecasting problems, many researchers proposed several methods and different models. One of these models is traditional time series analysis, uni-variant and multi-variant. However, traditional time series has wide applications, but it must satisfy proper conditions to be successful. For example, 50 up to 100 bservations at least are needed to achieve Autoregressive and Integrated Moving Average Models (ARIMA) and average zero is needed to achieve autoregressive. Traditional time series has been applied in many fields such as pollution monitoring, blood pressure estimation, etc. This problem has been studied widely in statistics areas and neural networks. However, in practical life, there are regression models in which the uncertainty accompanied to the model is because of vagueness, not because of neither randomness nor both of them. In these models, probability theory cannot be pplied and fuzzy sets theory is applied, where variables are foggy i. e. declarative variables are not fixed and scaling of these variables is not expressed by a point, but by an interval or linguistic variables [1, 3]. 2. FUZZY LOGIC Fuzzy logic [1 1], is a form of logic which has used in some expert systems and artificial intelligence applications. It was first proposed in 1965 by the Iranian scientist Lutfi Zadeh, at University of California, where he developed it as a better method of data processing. However, his theory didn’t find a wide interest until 1974, where fuzzy logic was used to control a steam engine. Since then, applications of fuzzy logic kept developing until the manufacturing of fuzzy logic chip which have been used in many products such this science. There are many reasons for scientists to improve fuzzy logic. For example, development of computers and software founded the need to invent or program systems that are capable of dealing with ambiguous information to mimic human thinking. However, this created a problem since computers can only deal with exact and accurate data. This problem caused occurrence of expert systems and artificial intelligence. Fuzzy logic is a theory for building such systems. Fuzzy set theory has many useful achievements in different fields and it aims at approximation of professional knowledge that contains vagueness in human thinking. Figure 1 illustrates the difference between traditional and fuzzy set theories. Fuzzy logic simply reflects how do people think and try to represent our feelings by words, decisions making and our common sense. So, fuzzy logic models are being increasingly used in time series analysis, where they are important for dealing with linguistic values and other models in order to yield better forecasting results. Time Series is defined as a sequence of events easured in successive times at definite intervals. It was widely used in economic systems such as stock index and interest. Also, it was used in metrology, especially in wind speed, temperature, pressure, Figure 1: Traditional and fuzzy sets 3. FUZZY TIME SERIES Fuzzy time series is another concept to solve forecasting problems in which the historical data are linguistic values. Fuzzy time series based on Zadeh’s works [1 1], Song and Chissom [7], first proposed a forecasting model called Fuzzy Time Series, which provided a theoretic framework to model a special dynamic process hose observations are linguistic values. The main difference between the traditional time series and fuzzy time series is that the observed values of the former are real numbers while the observed values of the latter are fuzzy sets or linguistic values. In the following, some basic concepts of fuzzy time series are briefly reviewed Definition 1: Let U ,u2 un } be a universe of discourse (universal set); a fuzzy set A of U is defined fA (u ) / u fA (u ) / un ,where fA is a membership function of a given set A , fA [0,1]. Definition 2 If there exists a fuzzy relationship R(t – 1, t), such that F(t) =F(t ), where is an arithmetic operator, then F(t) is said to be caused by F(t – 1). The relationship between F(t) and – 1) can be denoted by – 1) Definition 3 Suppose F(t) is calculated by F(t – 1) only, and – 1) R(t,t-l). For any t, if R(t – 1, t) is independent of t, then F(t) is considered a timeinvariant fuzzy time series. Otherwise, F(t) is timevariant. Definition 4 Suppose – 1) and F(t)= A], a fuzzy logical relationship can be defined as Ai AJ where Ai and AJ are called the left-hand side and the right-hand side of the fuzzy logical relationship, respectively. 4. REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS Many studies have interested in fuzzy time series and have been applied in various fields including university enrollment. Fuzzy time series had proved its efficiency in forecasting as a good new method for predicting linguistic values. Song and Chisson [9, 10] first introduced the method of fuzzy time series, humidity and rainfall. In addition, time series was used in geophysical records including indexed measurements, times of earthquake, radiological activities, industrial production, rates of idleness, etc. therefore, they are considered as founders of fuzzy time series science. Also, in 1994, they introduced a eries. Chen [1] presented a new method for forecasting university enrollment using fuzzy time series historical data enrollments of the university of Alabama from 1971 to 1992, the proposed method is more efficient than the proposed method by Song and Chissom, due to the fact that the proposed method uses simplified arithmetic operation rather than the complicated MaxMin composition operation. Hwang [8] proposed a new method on fuzzification to revise Song and Chissom’s method. He used a different triangle fuzzification method to Fuzzify crisp values. His method involved determining an interval of xtension from both sides of crisp value in triangle membership function to get a variant degree of membership. The result got a better average forecasting error, in addition, the influences of factors and variables in a fuzzy time series model such as definition area, number and length of intervals and the interval of extension in triangle membership function were discussed in details Step 2: Define the universe of discourse U. Find the maximum Dmax and the minimum Dmin among all Dh. For easy partitioning of U, choose two small numbers Dl and D2 as two proper positive numbers. The purpose of Dl and D2 is to make the lower and upper bounds of U become multiple of hundreds, thousands, etc. The universe of discourse U is then defined by: U = Dt-ntn -Dl , Drnax+D2 Step 3: Determine the appropriate length of interval L. Here, the average-based length method (Huarng, 2001 b) can be applied to determine the appropriate L. The length of interval L is computed according to the Table 1: Base mapping table Range Base 0. 1-1. 0 0. 1 1. -10 11-100 10 101-1000 a) Calculate all the absolute differences between the values Dh-l and Dh as the first differences, and then compute the average of the first differences. b) Take one-half of the average as the length. c) Find the located range of the length and determine the base from Table 1 d) According to the assigned base, round the length as the appropriate L. Then the number of intervals m, is computed by: D max+D2-D Then U can be partitioned into equal-length intervals Assume that the m intervals are Step4: Define fuzzy sets from the universe of discourse: f(un)(3) Ai=A11+A22+†¦.. +Ai l Then fuzzify the time series. First determine some linguistic values A1, A2, †¦ , An. Second, defined fuzzy sets on U. The fuzzy sets Ai are expressed as follows: 10. 500 0. 510 . 50 00. 51 0. 5 Step 5: fuzzify the historical data. If the value of Dh is located in the range of ui, then it belongs to fuzzy sets A’. All Dh must be classified into the corresponding fuzzy sets. However, fuzzify the historical data and give fuzzy set to each year’s historical data. If the historical data belongs to Ai at year t, the historical data of that year can be written by A’. But usually one historical data to ifferent A1, the need to find out maximum degree of each year’s historical data belonging to each A1. Step 6: Establish fuzzy logical relationships (FLRs) for all fuzzified data, derive the fuzzy logical relationships based on Definition (3). The fuzzy logical relationship which have the same left-hand sides is like Ai Ak, which denotes that if the Dh-lvalue of time t-1 is AJ then that of time t is Ak Table 2: Fuzzy relationship Ak Ar A1 Am 0. 5 um -2 um -1 um Where ui n) is the element and the number below ‘/’is the membership of ui to Then follow the rules for determining the degree of the membership of the istorical data Yi belonging to interval u’. The general triangular membership function is expressed as below: Step 7: establish the fuzzy logic relationship groups (FLRG). The derived fuzzy logical relationships can be arranged into fuzzy logical relationship groups based on the same fuzzy numbers on the left-hand sides of the fuzzy logical relationships. The fuzzy logical relationship groups are like the following: AJI Step 8: The forecasting of the historical data is based on heuristic rules proposed by chen (1996) and outlined as follows. How to cite Enrollment forecasting methodology, Papers

Good Night and Good Luck Essay Example For Students

Good Night and Good Luck Essay During the film Good Night, and Good Luck, George Clooney and Grant Heslov express their concern of fear through acting stylisations, authentic footage imbedded within the film and effective choice of music and lyrics. A secondary idea presented by Clooney and Heslov includes initiating a visual sensation of time and place for the audience, with the use of film noir and effective employment of set design. The era of McCarthyism encompassed fear and concern, the acting and characterizations in Good Night, and Good Luck effectively conveyed this idea. The expression of the characters, in particular Ed Murrow, during the See It Now sequences, portrays expressions of grim anxiety. The dramatic acting in the film is abundant with prolonged eye contact and intense line delivery, combining the two to illuminate the fear of persecution and job loss. Furthermore, this is evident in the paranoid- filled dialogue in the scenes between Joe and Shirley Wershba as there is â€Å"a lot of pressure† upon their interaction, where their facial expressions are highlighted by close-up shots that position the audience to vividly depict their distress. Throughout the film, Clooney and Heslov strive to add truth, in regards to the extent of McCarthyism and how the situation created hysteria and caused agitation for many subjects. The real footage utilised within the film, create an accurate portrayal of McCarthy and those accused of communism. The incorporated footage of McCarthy, conveys the authentic idea that he was powerful, loud and unsympathetic towards those whom of which were accused. This footage is then juxtaposed with the footage of Annie Mosss questioning, which depicts Moss as innocent and an easy target for McCarthy as she is ‘coloured’. Additionally, the environment surrounding the Moss trial can be seen as congested and a prime concern during that particular time. Not only can the real footage be seen as a primary source material but Clooney and Heslov used this technique as an opportunity to manipulate the audience to perceive McCarthy negatively and to assist the audience in comprehending the impact and distress simulated at that time. The music and lyrics projected throughout Good, Night and Good Luck adds to Clooney and Heslov’s concern of fear; this is presented through the use of Dianne Reeves jazz music, as a transition and mood setter. At the very beginning of the film, the sound of the 1958 banquet is silenced as the jazz music is played over the event. Reeves is often used as an audio cue for the viewer to enhance the current atmosphere; which is usually one of suspense and tension as often portrayed by the CBS employees. After Murrow’s criticism over the Rudlovich case is aired, the sound cuts out and Reeves is featured again singing â€Å"I’ve got my eye on you, so beware†. In regards to this event, it is an obvious reference to the fact that if the government and advertisers were not watching before, they certainly would be now. Also, these particular lyrics affix to Clooney and Heslov’s concern that people must be ‘aware’, as they may be targeted by McCarthy, another component of panic being verified in the film. The music and lyrics not only gives the audience an understanding of time and place but also provides cues as to where the story is transitioning; therefore, creating suspension and unease, conveying the characters feelings for the audience. In Good Night, and Good Luck , Clooney and Heslov efficaciously created an ambience of time and place to transport the audience to the McCarthy era, to create a sense of naturalism and nostalgia for viewers. .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 , .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .postImageUrl , .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 , .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:hover , .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:visited , .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:active { border:0!important; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:active , .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180 .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u979aa3253f29f1e8af5b87f697a55180:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Akira Kurosawa EssayThe film exhibits a bold sense of style exemplified by Robert Elswits elegant black and white cinematography; authorising the filmmakers to highlight particular scenes, such as the close ups of Murrow with a dark background and highlighted face. The technique employed, positions and forces the audience to convert their attention towards the issues and concerns as presented through the dialogue. Also, the approach to avail this particular camera shot may have been chosen to highlight the duality of good and evil as Murrows face is constantly highlighted throughout the See It Now sequences. Therefore, illustrating the idea towards the audience that Murrow is doing ‘good’ by presenting the truth. Additionally, the selection of shooting the film in black and white creates a sense of realism. The concept of film noir’ and black and white television was heavily present throughout the McCarthy era. Therefore, by presenting the film in black and white a sensation of fluency is adjacent with the historical black and white footage also utilised within the film. The choice made by Clooney and Heslov to apply this filmic device, positions the audience to see the film as truthful as it centres around historical footage from the McCarthy era applied within the motion picture. Furthermore, Clooney and Heslov generate an understanding of the atmosphere and time and place through the choice of stylisation and construction of the set design deployed in the film. The purpose of this filmic technique, allows for an array of different scenes; some spacious environments allowed for a lot of actors to fit into the one area; this is demonstrated when the CBS team gather ideas and discuss the Annie Moss trial. Consequently, creating a frenetic and loud aura; this renders the idea that the era of McCarthy would have been at an unsettling tone at times. This abstraction is juxtaposed with scenes of less noise and hustle; such as scenes between Joe and Shirley that occur in more intimate environments, which paves a way for moments of tenseness and traction. Conclusively, the construction and choice to film in specific environments and sets allows the audience to apprehend the surroundings, which are affected by the characters emotions at that particular time and pace.

essay guinness Essay Example

essay guinness Paper The University of Westminster Westminster Business School Module Title: Principles of Marketing COURSEWORK TWO REFLECTIVE ESSAY Student Name: Jonas Franck-Winther student ID: 145858611 Seminar Leader Name: Ilya Girson word count: 1085 Date: 5/12-2013 1. Principles of marketing The essence of marketing is value creation, where the goal is a long-term satisfaction by building relationships and attracting new customers by offering better value than the competition. Because marketing is based on exchanges where the objective is for all parties in the exchange to feel satisfied and gain some kind of value Cobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Customer value is determined on how the customer perceives the benefits of a product and the sacrifice that is associated with the purchase, so when the perceived performance matches or exceeds expectations it provides customer satisfaction Cobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Customer satisfaction can lead to customer loyalty and profitability, because it can cost up to five times more to attract a new customer than to maintain an existing one. Loyalty is a reaction that a customer shows, when they repeatedly return to the same supplier, because they are atisfied with the products or services they receive Cobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). Hence, whether the aim is to build relationships with customers or to offer short-term incentives to customer loyalty, then you need to focus on your marketing strategies by applying an effective marketing mix Cobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2013). The classical marketing mix consists of product, price, promotion and place. We will write a custom essay sample on essay guinness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on essay guinness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on essay guinness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These four key elements are used to create a competitive advantage, which is the achievement of superior performance through differentiation to provide superior customer value r by managing to achieve lowest delivered cost. So an effective marketing mix is aeslgnea Dy ensurlng tnat It satlsTy customer needs, creates a competltlve advantage, is well mixed of the four elements and matches corporate resources Cobber and Ellis- Chadwick, 2013). 2. Guinness principles of marketing Guinness marketing is focused on the consumers by offering what they want, which are quality. The company want to deliver high quality standards and uses it as an advantage to stand out on the market by offering a stout beer, which is made from heir own raw materials, on high-level of equipment and having employers with well- trained capability (Vanguard, 2013), because they believe that you cannot make money from people unless you are willing for people to make money from you (Sohn, 2013). They have also increased their focus on the marketing of Guinness brand name in 2013 by E34 million to boost its quality association on the beer market, so the drinkers get a feeling of quality when they taste a Guinness. This strategy is based on their market research, which confirm that consumers associate a quality int with a quality pub and 80% of male drinkers believe getting the quality of serve right is more important in draught beer than in any other drink category (Charles, 2013). Therefore Guinness manages to implant a special place in the collective consumer conscience, which leads the consumer into thinking about the great heritage and consistency in quality they possess, wherever it is sold (Diego, 2013). This can be seen in their advertising and communication of slogan, which says that Good things come to those who wait, which is referring to the time it takes to pour a erfect Guinness. Furthermore they launched a new marketing slogan called Made of More, which states that Guinness is better than their competitors on the beer market, because they are providing more than Just the experience of a great beer. This slogan is also related to the old history of the company by the special way of pouring a Guinness and its traditional look (Guinness a, 2013). Another key element of the Made of More advertising is reaching the consumers values on many different levels by telling stories, that reflects human values and present the brand in clear way, which distinguish themselves from their competitors and breaks the industry stereotype, who usually focus on football, party and hot women in their advertising (Taube, 2013). The human values from their advertising signals the importance of doing things together with your friends and how Guinness should be enjoyed in social contexts (Guinness a, 2013). To summarize that, Guinness wants to ensure that the whole company signals high quality on everything of what they do and reflect human values in their advertising to distinguish themselves from their ompetitors, so they can have a competitive advantage and establish a value brand (Vanguard, 2013). 3. Analysis marketing principles of Guinness The analysis is based on the understanding of the principles of market and the marketing principles of Guinness. Guinness is a marketing-orientated company, who follow the principles of marketing by getting close to their customers and demands, so tney can unaerstana tnelr needs ana acnleve pront ana oDJectlves Dy satlsTylng the customers better than the competition. This marketing strategy is very suitable or Guinness and works very well, since they are the best selling stout beer in the world and have a competitive advantage on the stout market that distinguish them from their competitors on the beer market (Guinness b, 2003). The competitive advantage is based on their product, promotion and place in the marketing mix by offering a high quality product that meets the customers demand, which match a report from brand index on Samuel Adams day, where the customers on the beer market have ranked Guinness as number two in quality out of all major beer brands (Marzilli, 2013). The promotion of Guinness also breaks the beer industry stereotype by using new innovative advertising on the communication of beer market, which distinguishes them from their competitors by relating the beer to human values. Furthermore Guinness place is brewed in 50 countries and sold in countries, which gives a solid distribution channel worldwide and move them closer to their customers. Based on that, Guinness has achieved a differential advantage through a strong brand personality and they have built a loyal relationship with their customers. 4. Conclusion This reflective essay concludes that the principle of marketing is based on creating consumer value to maintain and attract new consumers by satisfying their needs. Guinness marketing strategy is focused on the consumers demand by offering a high quality stout beer and making innovative advertising that breaks the beer industry stereotype by reflecting human values, which distinguish them from their competitors on the market. Thereby, Guinness has achieved a competitive advantage by having an effective marketing mix, which makes them the best selling stout beer in the world. 5. References Books: David Jobber and Fiona Ellis-Chadwick (2013). Principles and practice of marketing. 7th edition. United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill Education. Online articles: Our strategy is to have the best and necessary brands Guinness Director. Vanguard, 2013. Vanguard News. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. vanguardngr. com/2013/01/ our-strategy-is-to-have-the-best-and-necessary-brands-guinness-director/ God and Guinness: The Missional Drink that Changed the World. Paul Sohn. 2013. Marketing Week. [ONLINE] Available at: http://paulsohn. org/god-and-guinness-the-missional- rink-changed-the-world/ Guinness reinvents Surfer Ad for Quality marketing push. Gemma Charles. 013. Marketing Week. [ONLINE] Available at: http:// www. marketingmagazine. co. uk/article/1210008/guinness-reinvents-surfer-ad-quality- marketing-push Guinness launches E12m bid to push quality to push quality credentials. Sebastian Joseph. 2013. Marketing Week. [ONLINE] Available at: http:// www. marketingweek. co. uk/news/guinness-launches-12m-bid-to-push-quality- creoentlals/4UU/ / /Y. artlcle Guinness. Diego. 2013 Dlego P Avall aDle at: http://www. diageo. com/en-row/ourbrands/infocus/Pages/lnFocus-Guinness. spx Guinness a. 2013. Guinness Advertising. ONLINE] Available at: http:// www. guinness. com/en-gb/AdsGallery. html? adsclass=classic=world An incredible New Guinness Ad Breaks The Industry Stereotype. Aaron Taube. 2013. Business insider. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. businessinsider. com/new- guinness-ad-breaks-the-mold-2013-9 Guinness b. 2013. Guinness facts. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. guinness-storehouse. com/en/FactSheets. aspx Samuel Adams tops beer brands. Ted Marzilli. 2013. YouGov. [ONLINE] Avaiable at: http:// today. yougov. com/news/2013/09/25/samuel-ada ms-tops- beer- brands/

unit 1 hw 8 Essay

unit 1 hw 8 Essay unit 1 hw 8 Essay Sophia Elky 9/21/14 Period 5 Unit #1: HW #8 Syncretism – the process of blending new religious beliefs with old beliefs Mahayana – Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior The Benedict Rule – established by Benedict; urged a disciplined life, with prayer and spiritual fulfillment alternating with hard work in agriculture and study Rajput – Regional princes in western India who emphasized military control of their regions Constantine – an emperor of Rome who set up the second capital city of Constantinople and advocating for Christianity 1. The Yellow Turbans were Daoist leaders who inspired a revolt against the empire by promising that divine magic would bring a golden age. They gained popularity as the Han Empire declined because they incorporated magic and healing into their religion, which broadened their appeal. Also, the Chinese bureaucracy and emperor were becoming corrupt and less powerful, and the Yellow Turbans were addressing many of the commoners’ concerns by protesting against this. 2. China experienced 3 centuries of chaos after the fall of the Han because nomads frequently attacked and invaded the land, and the political structure was not operating effectively. Additionally, there were many epidemics that spread across China, which killed as much as half of the population, and China was culturally separated by the growth of Buddhism in that region. However, the permanent mark of this period was not very extensive, as the only effects were the existence of Buddhism in China and different styles in art and literature. This was because the original structures in China were too resilient and durable to be overturned or abandoned. Values like Confucianism were perpetuated despite the 3 century period and the bureaucracy was not fully diminished, for the nomads ultimately assimilated to the preexisting cultural norms. 3. One reason that Hinduism grew as the Gupta Empire declined was that the Hun princes who were now in power originally worshipped gods of battle and did not care for the Buddhist alternative of serenity and contemplation. Another reason was that after hearing about the faith of Islam, Hindu leaders worked hard to increase Hinduism’s popularity by emphasizing religious devotion and writing Hindu texts to Hindi. This convinced many Indians to stay Hindus instead of converting. 4. Islam was detrimental to the Indian economy, as the Arab traders were able to take control of trade from the Tamils in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, India’s previous trade lost some prosperity but did not collapse. 5. The decline and collapse of Rome was more disruptive and serious than that of other classical empires because after its fall, the Mediterranean region was never reunited, unlike China or India. Also, Rome’s political culture was not able to survive through the chaos and was never revived, and the same outcome occurred regarding religion, because the region did not produce one single faith that was strong and widespread enough to maintain unity. 6. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the three regions that emerged were the Byzantine Empire, the Parthian Empire, and the Sassanid Empire. The Byzantine Empire was originally the Western half of the Roman Empire, and retained Mediterranean culture, as they spoke Greek and continued the Roman authoritarian style. It had artistic creativity and traded actively, and despite attempts, was not able to reclaim the entirety of Roman heritage. The Parthian Empire encompassed some of what was previously Alexander the Great’s Empire, and was centered in the Tigris-Euphrates area. They did not produce new culture and instead utilized Persian ways and principles. They were able to sustain an effective military and bureaucracy until they were overthrown by a Persian rebellion that produced the Sassanid Empire. This empire revitalized more of the Persian culture, reviving

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Plagiarism - Essay Example Special Forces--were working through Argentine intermediaries to set up contra safe houses, training centres, and base camps along the Nicaraguan-Honduran border." (Peter Kornbluh, "Nicaragua," in Michael Klare (ed), Low Intensity Warfare (New York, 1983), 139.) In the early 1980s, the Reagan Administration made increasing use of Honduras as a base for the contra war. The Administration set up a number of military and training facilities--some American, some contra, and some housing Argentine mercenaries--along the border between Nicaragua and Honduras (Kombluh 139). The country, as one observer noted, was little more than "a [stationary] aircraft carrier," which he described as "the USS Honduras† (Lafeber 309). The strike officially began on May 29, and on June 1 the manufacturers met publicly to plan their resistance. Their strategies were carried out on two fronts. They pressured the proprietors into holding out indefinitely by refusing to send new collars and cuffs to any laundry. Also the manufacturers attempted to undermine directly the union’s efforts to weather the strike. They tried to create a negative image of the union through the press, which they virtually controlled. They prevented a few collar manufacturers in other cities from patronizing the unions’ cooperative laundry even though it claimed it could provide the same services for 25 percent less. Under these circumstances, the collar ironers’ tactics were much less useful. Two days after the strike began on May 29, the manufacturers met publicly to plan their response. They had two strategies. They pressured the owners into holding out indefinitely by declining to send new collars and cuffs to any laundry, and they tried to directly destabilize the union’s efforts to outlast the strike. They also tried to create a negative image of the union through the newspapers, which they virtually controlled. They prevented a few collar manufacturers in other cities from using the